THE HOOF 



889 



sole by horn of lighter color and softer texture, which appears on the ground surface 

 of the hoof as the so-called white line (Zona lamellata). 



Wall 

 LamincE of wall 



Laminar corium 

 Third phalanx 

 Digital cushion 



Bar 



Frog 



Space between 

 bar and frog 



A ngle of wall 

 Periople of heel 



Fig. 711. — Cross-section of Foot op Horse, Cut Parallel with the Coeonaet Border. 

 The wall appears much thicker at the angles than it actually is, because it is cut very obliquely. 



In the case of unshod horses at hberty the wall is usually worn off to the level of the adjacent 

 sole, but if the ground is too soft the wall is likely to become unduly long and spUt or break or 

 undergo deformation. On very hard or rough ground, on the other hand, the wear may be in ex- 



Periople 



Coronary 



groove 



Periople of heel 



Ridge formed 

 c , by bar and frog 



White line Sole 



Fig. 712. — Half of Hoof of Horse; Internal Surface. 



cess of the growth. In the case of shod horses it is necessary to remove the excess of growth of the 

 wall at each shoeing. The thickness of the wall at the toe, quarters, and heels is about in the 

 ratio of 4 : 3 : 2 for the fore foot and about 3 : 2^ : 2 for the hind foot. 



2. The sole (Basis s. solea ungulae) forms the greater part of the ground sur- 



