18 Wine, Beere, 



and the allegorical Pathomachia.^ The parts of speech are the inter- 

 locutors in the one; virtues, vices, and the human affections in the 

 other. But while these plays have an obvious kinship with Lingua^'' 

 they differ from the other debates mentioned, including Wine, Beere, 

 and Ale, in that they have more elaborate plots and depend to a 

 slighter extent upon verbal wit. It is of importance in the present 

 discussion to note that both BeUum Grammaticale and Pathomachia 

 are university performances.'* Pathomachia may, indeed, be ascribed, 

 with a high degree of probability, to Cambridge.'' 



That entertainments of the debate type should have flourished 

 chiefly in the universities is not surprising. The form afforded a most 

 attractive opportunity for the exercise of wits already ground sharp 

 by the regular academic disputations, which after all differed by no 

 very wide interval from the fictitious debates. The idea of presenting 

 in character, with a dash of action and a spice of humor, controversies 

 akin to those which were every day being debated on the platform, 

 gave added zest to these dramatic performances. It has ever been 

 the delight of the young scholar to mimic his serious academic occupa- 

 tions in play. In BeUum Grammaticale, Pathomachia, and Lingua 

 there is promulgated in a semi-serious way an enormous amount of 

 college lore. Worke for Cutlers, Exchange Ware, Wine, Beere, and 

 Ale, and Aristippus, on the other hand, are purely humorous. Ran- 

 dolph's work preserves a mock academic atmosphere throughout and 

 the dialogue is littered with the flotsam and jetsam of erudition. 

 Exchange Ware and Worke for Cutlers derive their material from mat- 

 ters of fashion and social life, though each concludes with an academic 

 allusion.'*" Wine, Beere, and Ale stands in this respect between the 



^ Pathomachia, or the Battle of the Afeciions shadowed by a feigned Siege of the City of PathopoUs, 

 1630. Reprinted, Edinbuigh, 1887 (Collectanea Adamantaea, XXII). 



^ See "The Debate Element," pp. 454-5, Pathomachia appears to have been modelled in part on 

 Lingua, which is alluded to in the text. 



^ For academic allusions in Pathomachia see I, iii and iv; TI, ii: IV, iii etc. 

 ^*|In addition to the connection with Lingua, pointed out in note 3 above, there is in Pathomachia 

 an allusion to the well-known Cambridge play, Ignoramus, acted before James in 1615. Friendship 

 says to Justice "If I get within your Cony-burrowes, I shall disgrace you like Ignoramus." The 

 lawyer. Ignoramus, in the play of that name is hoodwinked and disgraced in various ways. Moore- 

 Smith (Modern Language Review, III, 149) is of the opinion that it was written by Tomkis, author of 

 Lingua, 



*" But this hee hopes, with you will suffize. 

 To crave a pardon for a Scholars Prize. W.for C. 



Claw me, and I'll claw thee, — the proverb goes: 

 Let it be true, in this that freshman shows. B., C, and R. 



