LIST OF PLATES 



Plate I. — Typical western New York scene. Full bearing 

 trees forty to fifty years of age Frontispiece 



PACING 

 PAGE 



Plate II. — Low-headed trees in a Virginia orchard . . 20 



Plate III. — A typical commercial apple orchard in the 

 Missouri Valley, Kansas. A fifteen-year-old Newtown 

 orchard near Medford, Oregon, in need of water. Eed 

 Astrachan orchard in Delaware 38 



Plate IV. — Looking across the floor of the Wenatchee Val- 

 ley at Cashmere, Washington ^ . 58 



Plate V. — View of the' Hood Eiver Valley fruit section . 70 



Plate VI. — King apples growing in Annapolis Valley, 



Nova Scotia 88 



Plate VII. — A young irrigated orchard in the Bitter Root 

 Valley of Montana, showing the clean cultivation 

 formerly practiced in the Northwest . . . ... . 108 



Plate VIII. — Eight-foot disk in operation in the Rogue 

 River Valley, Oregon. Spring-tooth harrow in use in 

 a northwest orchard 130 



Plate IX. — Weeder in use in a Hood River orchard. Type 

 of float commonly used at Hood River after cultivation 152 



Plate X. — Irrigating five-year-old Winesap trees in the 

 Yakima Valley 174 



Plate XL — Insect pests of the apple 190 



Plate XII. — San Jose scale 208 



Plate XIII. — Insect enemies of the apple 220 



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