22 The Commercial Apple Industry 



lished in 1845 his " Fruits and Fruit Trees of America." 

 Charles Downing, his brother, remained a leading author- 

 ity on apple varieties and apple-growing until 1885. 



In 1840 George Ellwanger and Patrick Barry started 

 the Mt. Hope nurseries at Rochester, New York. Barry 

 was one of the pioneers in the apple industry and had much 

 to do in making western New York the leading nursery 

 and apple-growing region. 



Jonathan Chapman, or Johnny Appleseed, the name by 

 which he was more commonly known, had much to do with 

 the spread of the apple westward from New York. Chap- 

 man was an eccentric character. It seems that he spent 

 much of the first half of the nineteenth century in roaming 

 through Ohio and Indiana, at that time a wild undeveloped 

 country. By carrying apple seeds about with him and 

 sowing them broadcast, he effected a wide extension in 

 apple plantings throughout this region. Being of an in- 

 tense religious nature, his life and activities have a roman- 

 tic interest which have been the subject of much writing. 

 His descendants are actively interested apple-growers in 

 southern Ohio to-day. 



From the standpoint of historic interest, few regions ex- 

 cel the Piedmont of Virginia. Although the Newtown ap- 

 ple originated on Long Island, it was later introduced into 

 Albemarle County, Virginia, early in the eighteenth cen- 

 tury and has been prominently identified with the develop- 

 ment of the apple industry in this region, under the name 

 of Albemarle Pippin. Albemarle Pippins were exported 

 to England from Virginia as early as 1759. Thomas Jef- 

 ferson was cultivating this variety at Monticello, his coun- 

 try place in Virginia, before the Revolution. It has been 

 authentically stated that so pleased was Queen Victoria 



