Canada, Australia and New Zealand 89 



ander, Mcintosh Red, Wolf Eiver and Bethel. Most of 

 the orchards are in sod. Transportation facilities are 

 good from the St. John Valley, and its nearness to the sea- 

 board would be a decided advantage when the production 

 is sufficient to make an export trade desirable. 



Quebec. 



Apples have been grown in Quebec longer perhaps than 

 in any other district in Canada, with the exception of ISTova 

 Scotia, records showing that they were produced in this 

 province as early as 1663. The industry, however, has not 

 developed to any great extent. The Fameuse is claimed 

 to have originated in Quebec, and it and other varieties of 

 the same type (Wealthy, Mcintosh Eed, St. Lawrence) 

 reach a very high state of perfection. Pomme Grise, or 

 French Russet, as it is sometimes called, has long been 

 grown in Quebec. The commercial production is confined 

 largely to the Island of Montreal, Como, LaTrappe, St. 

 Joseph du Lac, Hemmingford and Covey Hill, Chateau- 

 guay, St. Hilaire, Rougemont and Abbotsford districts. 

 The Census of 1911 gave the production of Quebec as over 

 400,000 barrels, but it is not probable that the average 

 annual commercial production of the past two or three 

 years has been more than 100,000 barrels. The orchards 

 are principally in sod, many of them have not received 

 proper attention and, in addition, it is estimated that fully 

 40 per cent of the trees were destroyed by the severe win- 

 ter of 1917. There is. evidence, however, of a revival in 

 apple-growing, and some of the highest average returns for 

 Canadian apples, in late years, have been made by Quebec 

 orchardists. 



