234 The Commercial Apple Industry 



the apple-scab more than any other disease. In New 

 York the infestation of the apple red hug is serious in some 

 localities and in New England the gipsy and the brown- 

 tail moths have caused considerable losses. The apple- 

 scab is quite prevalent throughout New England as is also 

 the apple-maggot. Scab is particularly feared by the 

 growers of Mcintosh apples in this region. 



The middle Atlantic states. — The Piedmont grower of 

 Virginia suffers heaviest loss in seasons favorable to the 

 development of bitter-rot. The Yellow Newtown (Albe- 

 marle Pippin) is particularly susceptible to this disease 

 which may occur late in the season and very seriously 

 injure the crop when nearly mature. Serious epidemics 

 of apple-scab are uncommon, although this disease is more 

 or less prevalent throughout the Piedmont district. In the 

 Shenandoah-Cumberland region of Virginia, West Vir- 

 ginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, the pine mouse has 

 been a most destructive orchard pest in recent years. 

 Cedar-rust has also been very destructive and has pre- 

 cipitated a campaign for the eradication of cedar trees in 

 the vicinity of orchard plantings. Koot-rot is proving to 

 be one of the most destructive of all orchard diseases in 

 these four states and as yet there is no recognized means 

 of control. 



The Middle West.— Throughout the Middle West the 

 apple-blotch is the m6st serious disease affecting the fruit 

 and the blister-canker, sometimes known as the Illinois 

 blister-canker, is the most injurious to the trees, particu- 

 larly those of the Ben Davis variety. Apple-scab is pre- 

 valent in favorable years, while bitter-rot is often serious 

 in the Ozarks, southern Illinois and southern Indiana. 



Western boxed-apple region. — The most serious pest in 



