312 The Commercial Apple Industry 



The intake area should represent 1 per cent of the floor 

 space ahd~the intake should occur below the false floor. 

 (2) Boxes may be piled six high if two or three feet air 

 space is left between the topmost box and the ceiling. (3) 

 Mill shavings tend to become wet and to rot out when used 

 in basement constructions. (4) Basement storage has 

 the advantage of being cheaper usually and more econom- 

 ical of ground since the packing-room is overhead. At 

 the same time, as stated above, mill shavings tend to rot 

 out and there is the extra labor in lifting fruit when it is 

 to be taken out of storage. (5) Eight inches of mill 

 shavings with one inch air space on either side is generally 

 recommended for the Pacific Northwest. (6) Since the 

 success of common storage depends largely on ventilation, 

 attention must be given to the installation of false floors 

 and proper air intakes and outlets. 



Bulk shipments 



In discussing the handling of the apple crop, no refer- 

 ence has been made to bulk shipment. In the Middle 

 West, particularly in the Ozark and in the Missouri 

 regions, bulk shipments sometimes represent over one-half 

 of the crop. Ben Davis and Grimes lend themselves tb 

 this method of handling. Bulk shipments are important 

 from Colorado and New Mexico. 



In bulk handling, the apples are loaded loose into cars 

 previously bedded with straw. It should be remembered 

 that these apples are strictly commercial, and enter into 

 competition with barreled stock. As might be expected, 

 there -is little uniformity in the quality of the fruit mar- 

 keted in this way. There is an urgent need for standard- 

 ization along such lines. 



