Marketing and Storage 329 



advertisement has gone far in effecting better distribution 

 for the northwestern boxed apples. 



Physical handling. 



The same attention should be given to better physical 

 handling of apples as to better cultural methods. A 

 grower can not afford to devote his best energies in pro- 

 ducing high quality apples only to subject them to the 

 abuse of improper physical handling. The importance of 

 careful orchard practices with reference to picking and 

 packing and immediate storage have been emphasized. 

 In addition the apples must be transported in cars, must 

 be handled in and out of storage and in all of these opera- 

 tions much can be done to improve present methods. The 

 development of new types of refrigerator cars, improved 

 methods of car loading and ventilation are of vital import- 

 ance to the apple-growers and shippers. 



GRADES AND STANDAKDS 



The movement for uniform grades and standards should 

 be considered by every apple-grower. Probably no other 

 phase of the marketing problem is receiving greater atten- 

 tion at this time than that of standard grade and pack. 

 Certainly no other movement can do more in stabilizing the 

 apple industry. 



It is generally agreed that the standardization of grade 

 and pack is a governmental function. There is, however, 

 a variance of opinion as to methods of enforcement. State 

 and federal legislation has been formulated with the view 

 towards promulgating certain definite rules which shall 

 specify the character of fruit to be sold under established 



