350 The Commercial Apple Industry 



total crop is dried, while in Wayne County, New York, 

 about 30 per cent is dried. Wenatchee and some of the 

 northwest districts, on account of their ability to produce 

 exceptionally high-grade fruit, send less than 10 per cent 

 to by-product factories. Arkansas, Colorado, many parts 

 of the Middle West, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, 

 New York and New England, will, no doubt, increase the 

 percentage of fruit sold for by-products. This will tend 

 to eliminate low-grade fruit from the market. The out- 

 look for the future is bright and the by-product industry 

 has not yet begun to attain full possibilities. It is only 

 within the last three or four years that it has been im- 

 portant or a factor in the apple industry of the Northwest. 

 It rose from a production of almost nothing five years ago 

 to 70,000 tons in 1919 in the state of Washington. Much 

 more detail might be entered into relative to this industry. 



EVAPORATORS 



In this connection, a full description of all the different 

 types of evaporators cannot be undertaken and but little 

 more than mention can be made of the different designs 

 in use or in course of construction. In general, evapora- 

 tors may be placed in three classes: natural draft evap- 

 orators; forced draft evaporators; and distillation types, 

 including vacuum evaporators. 



Natural draft evaporators. 



Most of the fruit evaporators in use in New York and 

 other eastern states, in Oregon, Washington, and even in 

 California for the evaporation of apples, are of the natural 

 draft type. The driers of this group require no fan or 

 motor for operation ; any type of fuel may be used ; they 



