402 The Commercial Apple Industry 



grown in Canada. New York leads in commercial pro- 

 duction of " Spys " in this country, followed by Michigan. 

 The tree is considered hardy and vigorous, although 

 somewhat susceptible to the apple-scab. Its root system is 

 very often used as a stock for other less vigorous varieties. 

 One of its principal disadvantages is the lateness at which 

 it comes into bearing. When properly matured, the North- 

 ern Spy is a high quality apple and a good keeper, but as a 

 commercial variety it should be grown on heavy soils, as it 

 is deficient in quality when grown in sandy soils. It is 

 not adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions, pre- 

 ferring cooler regions. It matures too early south of Penn- 

 sylvania to be profitable commercially. 



Yellow Newtown (Albemarle Pippin) (Plate XXII). 



This variety is one of the oldest in America and one with 

 very interesting historical association. The origin is 

 credited to Long Island, in the early part of the eighteenth 

 century. Although first grown in New York, New Jersey 

 and Pennsylvania, its wider cultivation occurred in the 

 Piedmont section of Virginia, particularly in Albemarle 

 County, to which locality it is especially adapted and where 

 it afterwards became known as the Albemarle Pippin. 

 The Newtown is reported to have been exported to Eng- 

 land as early as 1759 and since that time has commanded 

 the highest prices on the English market. It is generally 

 known as an export apple f dr- which it • is particularly 

 adapted on account of its late keeping qualities. 



The principal commercial" regions for the Newtown are : 

 the Piedmont section of Virginia, particularly Albemarle 

 and Nelson counties; the Hood Eiver and Rogue River 

 valleys in Oregon; the Pajaro or Watsonville section in 



