2 PHARMACEUTICAL BACTERIOLOGY. 



should have some knowledge of the efiects that bacterially deteriorated sub- 

 stances may have when introduced into the human organism. He should be 

 qualified to sterilize pharmaceuticals as is now required, in the pharmacopoe- 

 ias of several foreign countries as Austria, Italy, and Belgium. He should 

 know something of the comparative value of the numerous disinfectants and 

 antiseptics used and found upon the market and should know how to stand- 

 ardize these agents according to recent bacteriological methods. The 

 pharmacist should know that bacteria, yeasts, and related organisms develop 

 very promptiy and profusely in all aromatic waters; in carelessly manipulated 

 boiled and distilled water; in dilute solutions of all acids and alkalies; in 

 dilute alcohol and alcoholic liquids; tinctures; infusions; extracts, solid and 

 liquid; decoctions; in dilute salt solutions; in plant juices; mucilages; emul- 

 sions; elixirs; wines; in syrups of all kinds; in carelessly manipulated vege- 

 table drugs, crude and powdered; in drugs from the animal kingdoin, as 

 ox-gall, lard, oils, fats, pepsin, etc. He should have a clear comprehension 

 of antiseptics as germ destroyers, and should know how to prepare and use 

 them. He should have a general knowledge of alimentary and systemic 

 phagocytosis; of leucocytosis in inflammatory processes, in pus formation, 

 necrosis, etc. He should comprehend immunity, natural and acquired; 

 he should know about opsonins and the opsonic index. He should have a 

 general knowledge of bacterial enzymes; of toxins, ptomaines, leucomaines; 

 of antitoxins; of bacterial vaccines. He should have a special knowledge of 

 the source, manufacture, and use of antitoxins and toxins, modified toxins, 

 vaccine virus, and related products used in medical practice. He should have 

 a general knowledge of the causation of the more common bacterial and 

 protozoic diseases. He should have special instruction in the disinfection 

 of public and private dwellings, and should be able to cooperate with the 

 physician in stamping out threatened epidemics and in carrying out public 

 prophylactic and hygienic measures. To attain these ends a knowledge 

 of bacteriology, specialized to suit, the needs of the pharmacist, is absolutely 

 essential. 



It is not the so-called practical side of bacteriology, represented by dollars 

 and cents, which should interest the pharmacist in this science, but rather 

 the broader view of his profession which will enable him to perform his 

 duties more intelligently and more efficiently. The man whose actions are 

 altogether prompted and directed by the dollar sign has no place in pharmacy 

 or in medicine. He should turn to some non-professional enterprise. 



As yet there are no text-books or other works devoted especially to phar- 

 maceutical bacteriology. Text-books on bacteriology for use in universities, 

 medical colleges, and technical schools are not suitable for use in colleges of 

 pharmacy. Some of these books are excellent collateral reading for phar- 

 macists, but most of them are of such a highly specialized nature that they 



