YEASTS AND MOULDS. 



145 



believed to be pathogenic in chronic catarrhal conditions of the 

 Eustachian tubes and of the stomach. 



b. Penicillium glaucum. This is the omnipresent blue-green mould 

 so common in the household, infesting all exposed moist organic 

 substances. Supposed to be non-pathogenic, although some 

 credit it with being the cause of pellagra. 



c. Aspergillus fumigatus. Said to be the cause of pellagra. 



d. Aspergillus concentricits. Causes ringworm. Common in the 



Fig. 66. — Saccharomyces ellipsoides. Veiy common in fruit products as jams, jellies, 

 etc. Living yeast cells show budding of cells and vacuoles. Dead yeast cells usually 

 occur singly, the vacuoles are wanting and the cell walls are more distinct, generally due 

 to the absorption of coloring substances in the medium in which they occur. 



China and in the Philippines. Limited to 



Pathogenic. Found in chronic discharges 



Much as (d). 



Pathogenic. Occurs in Central America, 



Malay peninsula, 

 tropical countries. 



d. Aspergillus flavus. 

 from ear. 



e. Aspergillus repens. 



f. Aspergillus pictor. 

 where it causes a mange disease. 



g. Aspergillus oryzcB. Nonpathogenic. Cultures of this fungus 

 are used in the manufacture of sake (Chinese and Japanese 

 rice wine) . The fungus growing and feeding upon the steamed 

 rice grains converts the starch into saccharine substances which 

 are then acted upon by the yeast ferment. 



