204 



PHARMACEUTICAL BACTERIOLOGY. 



of body, etc. No matter how numerous or how active the predisposing 

 causes may be, the disease cannot develop until the primary cause acts. 

 There are numerous abnormal or pathological states or conditions without 

 recognizable primary causes, as gout, rheumatism and the senile changes in 

 the body: and again there are certain diseases which evidently have primary 

 causes, as whoopiag-cough, small-pox and yellow fever, but in which said 

 primary causes are not yet discovered. The followiiig tabulation outlines 

 the primary and secondary causes of disease: 



Communicable 

 diseases. 



Primary causes 

 (inciting). 



Bacteria, as in typhoid and Asiatic cholera. 



Protozoa, as in malaria. 



Parasitic higher animals, as tape-worm and 



itch. 

 Fungi, as in ring-worm and pellagra. 

 Undetermined, as in whooping-cough and 



small-pox. 



Secondary causes 

 (predisjjosing). 



I Race. 

 Family. 

 Individual (ontogenetic). 



(Phylogenetic). 



Age. 



Sex. 



Environment . 



Habits . 



Infancy. 

 Childhood. 

 Adolescence. 

 Adult. 

 Old age. 



Climate. 

 Altitude. 

 Seasons. 



Unsuitable food. 

 Unsuitable clothing. 

 Poisons. 

 Occupation. 

 Injuries. 



Alcoholic. 

 Tobacco. 

 Drugs. 



Coffee and tea. 

 Gourmandage. 



In a general way it may be stated that any cause, factor or influence, 

 which tends to lower the vitality, predisposes to disease. Individuals with 

 a well-balanced physical and mental development are less liable to disease, 

 and when attacked are more apt to recover, than those individuals who 

 have a poor physical development. Undue abstinence is as harmful as 

 over-indulgence. The ascetic is as pathologic as the gouty gourmand. 



