WHITE ANTS. 347 
ably form a suborder of Platyptera.' In the larval and 
pupal Perla (Fig. 321), tufts of gills are situated on the 
under side of the prothorax, and in the 
adult winged Se these gills are 
retained. 
The white ants top the Platypterous 
series; they live in stumps and fallen 
trees, and in the tropics do much harm 
by undermining the sills of houses, and 
destroying furniture, books, etc. The 
colonies are very large and populous. 
In our Zermes flavipes there are males 
and females, workers and soldiers; the workers being small, 
ant-like, with small round heads, while the soldiers have 
Fig. 321.—Perla, larva. 
’ Fig. 322,—Pupa of a Drag- Fig. 323.—Agrion, natural size, and a, its 
on-fly (Eschna). larval gill, much enlarged. 
large square heads, with long jaws; the pups are active. 
Fritz Miller found in Brazil that one species of Termes was 
differentiated into six different kinds of individuals: viz., a 
set of winged and wingless females; winged and wingless 
males; workers and soldiers. A male always lives with a 
female, and a wingless male and female may, on the death 
of a winged normal male and female, replace them. He 
