364 ZOOLOGY. 
hatching, feed upon the living but paralyzed grasshoppers, 
the store of living food not being exhausted until the larval 
RS 
y 
Y 
Fig. 365.—Nest of Andrena. 4g, level 
of ground; 4, first-made cell, con- 
taining a pupa; 5, 2, larve; ¢, pollen 
mass with an egg laid on it; /, pollen 
mass freshly deposited by the bee.— 
Emerton del, 
wasp is ready to stop eating 
and finish its transformations. 
The genuine paper-making 
wasps are numerous in species; 
here the workers are winged, 
and only differ from the 
females or queens in being 
rather smaller and with unde- 
veloped ovaries. The series of 
genera from Odynerus, which 
builds cells of mud, and in 
which there are no workers, 
up to those which have work- 
ers and build paper cells, such 
as Polistes, is quite continu- 
ous. The genuine paper- 
making wasps, such as Vespa, 
build several tiers of cells, ar- 
ranged mouth downward, and 
enveloped by a wall of several 
thicknesses of paper. In the 
Vespe, the females found the 
colony, and raise a brood of 
workers, which early in the 
summer assist the queen in 
completing the nest. 
The bees also present a 
gradual series from those 
which are solitary, living in 
holes in the earth, like the 
ants (Fig. 365, nest of An- 
drena vicina Smith), and form- 
ing silk-lined earthen cocoons, 
to those which are social, with 
winged workers, slightly dif- 
fering from the queens. The queen humble-bee hybernates, 
and in the spring founds her colony by laying up pellets of 
