520 ZOOLOGY. 
SN yA ‘ 
3939 87 36 35 4 39 323130 2028 BY 96 95 Ot 
Fig. 452.—Topography of @ bird. 1, forehcad (frons); 2, lore; 3, clrcumocular 
region ; 4, crown (vertex) ; 5, eye; 6, hind head (occiput); 7, nape (nucha); 8, hind 
neck (cerviw); 9, side of neck; 10, interacapular region ; ti, dorsum or back proper, 
including 10; 12, noteum, or upper part of body Proper, ee 10. 11 and 13; 
13, rump (uropygium); 14, upper tail coverts; 15, tail; 16, under tail coverts ; 17, 
tarsus; 18, abdomen ; 19, hind toe (hallux) ; 20, gastreum, including 18 and 24; 21. 
outer or fourth toe ; 22. middle or third toe ; 23, side of the body ; 24, breast (pectus); 
25, primaries ; 26, secondaries ; 27, tertiaries, Nos. 25, 26, 27 are all remiges; 28, 
primary coverts ; 29, aluia, or bastard wing ; 30. greater coverts ; 81, median coverts ; 
32, lesser coverts ; 33, the “throat,” including 34, 87 and 38; 384, jugudwm, or lower 
throat ; 35, auriculars; 36, malar region ; 37, guia or middle throat; 38, mentum or 
chin ; 39, angle of commissure, or corner of movth; 40, ramus of under man- 
dible ; 41, side of under mandible ; 42, gonys; 48, apea, or ap of bill ; 44, tomia, or 
cutting edges of the bill; 45, cvdmen, or ridge of upper mandible, or ee to 
enya 46, side of upper mandible ; 47, nostril; 48, passes across the bil 
a little in 
Tont of its face.—From Coues's Key. 
