594 ZOOLOGY. 
The whale-fishery first sprang up in the twelfth century 
in the Bay of Biscay. In the New England colonies whales 
were pursued in boats from the shore. In 1854 the fishery 
culminated ; since then it has decreased, It is principally 
carried on by Americans, New Bedford being now the lead- 
ing port from which whalers are sent out to the Arctic 
Fig. 516.—Kogia Floweri.—After Grayson, from Gill. 
regions and Behring’s Straits, one hundred and ten vessels 
having been sent out in 1876 from this port. 
Closely allied to Physeter macrocephalus Lacépéde, are 
the pigmy whales, represented on the Californian coast by 
Kogia Flowert Gill (Fig. 516), which is nearly three metres. 
Fig. 517.—Skull of Callignathus simus, seen from the side and from below.— 
After Owen. 
(nine feet) in length, with a conical head. In Callignathus 
simus Owen (Fig. 517) the skull is short and broad; it is 
found on the coast of Madras, India. 
The narwhale (Monodon monoceros Linn.) is distinguished 
by the long, spirally-twisted, horn-like tusk of the male, 
formed of the left upper incisor, which becomes nearly three 
