598 ZOOLOGY. 
bones (Fig. 520, a). The trunk ends in a finger-like, highly 
sensitive point, below which are situated the nostrils, The 
brain has a large cerebrum, with numerous convolutions, but 
more of the cerebellum is exposed than in any of the succeed- 
ing orders ; in this respect and in the large incisors the Pro- 
boscidians approach the Rodentia. 
In the nature of the limbs, especially from the fact that 
elephants walk ‘on their toes, a relation to the Ungulates is 
indicated. They are 
five-toed, but the dig- 
its are represented ex- 
ternally only by the 
five broad. shallow 
hoofs, the foot being 
supported by thick, 
broad pads. The legs 
are almost wholly free 
from the body. The 
placenta is zonary, 
non-deciduate. The 
skin is naked in the 
existing elephants, 
but the extinct mam- 
moth was covered 
sparsely with hairs. 
Elephants live in 
herds, browsing on 
the leaves of trees 
Fig. 520.—Section of an elephant's skull, showin; 
the small size of the brain cavity as compared to ihe and herbs. Th ey at- 
Pee idl ety Mette iat 60 Night of om 
the trunk is attached.—After Owen. 
(10-12 feet). The 
Asiatic elephant has a concave forehead and small ears, while 
the African species has a full, rounded forehead and large 
ears, With four hoofs on the fore feet and three on the hind 
feet, the Asiatic elephant having one more hoof on each foot. 
The fossil mammoth (Hlephas primigenius Blumenbach), 
which was contemporaneous with early man, was not much 
larger than the existing species. Its tusks, however, were of 
