MAMMOTH AND MASTODON. 599 
great size, some being five metres long. It formerly ranged 
in herds over northern Europe and Asia, as well as America, 
bones occurring under swamps in the Northern and Middle 
United States. A carcass frozen in the ice, with the hair 
still on, was discovered near the mouth of the Lena River in 
Siberia. A pigmy, extinct Maltese elephant of the late Ter- 
tiary Period was only 1.7 metres in height. 
The Mastodon was characterized by having incisors in both 
jaws of some of the species. The mastodon had molars with 
a 
Fig. 521.—Dinotherium.—From a restoration by Brandt. 
conical cusps, and was 33-4 metres (12-13 feet) in height. 
The mastodon (Mastodon gigantewm Cuvier) was an earlier 
type than the elephant, and formerly inhabited the North 
American continent. 
In the Dinotherium of the Middle Tertiary (Fig. 521) there 
were only two incisors, and they grew out from the under 
jaw. It was elephantine in its form, according to Brandt. 
Order 8. Hyracoidea.—With some affinities to the Ro- 
dentia, and a decided resemblance in some particulars to 
