616 ZOOLOGY. 
pre-molars and three true molars; while the rami of the 
mandible are codssified; for these reasons it was placed 
by EF. Cuvier between the orders Carnivora and Primates 
(Cope). It is allied to the raccoon, is called the kincajou, 
and lives in northern South America. 
The bears have a thick, clumsy body, with a rudimentary 
tail, and the teeth are broad and tuberculated, so that they 
can live indifferently on fish, insects, or berries. Our North 
American species are the polar bear (Ursus maritimus 
Linn.) and Ursus arctos Linn., with its varieties of brown, 
y re Sea eeu, 
ping 
Ul te carver ?* 
MM Ay pth 
Fig. 535.—Skeleton of the Polar Bear, snowing the plantigrade feet. 51, scapula; 
63, humerus; 64, radius; 55, ulna; 62, ilium; 63, ischium; 65, fengur; 66, tibia; 67, 
fibula ; cl, calcareum ; C, cervical vertebree.—After Owen. 
cinnamon and grizzly bears; and the true black bear, Ursus 
Americanus Pallas. 
The bears are succeeded by the Mustelida, or the otter, 
skunk, badger, wolverene, weasel, mink, ermine, etc., nearly 
all of which are valuable for their furs. 
The dog family (Canid@) is represented by the fox, wolf, 
and dog. Thegray fox (Urocyon Virginianus Erxleben) the 
common red fox (Vulpes vulgaris Fleming), with its varie- 
ties, the cross, silver, and black fox, as well as the wolf 
(Canis lupus Linn.), are valuable for their furs. The wolf 
is mostly gray northward, becoming ‘“‘southward more and 
