624 ZOOLOGY. 
and ferocity of the creature is evinced by the thick supra- 
orbital ridges and the high sagittal and lambdoidal crests on 
the top of the skull; the face is wide and long, the nose 
broad and flat, the lips and chin prominent. The gorilla 
walks like the chimpanzee, though it stoops less. It is very 
ferocious, bold, never running when approached or attacked 
by man. It lives on a range of mountains in the interior of 
Guinea, its habitat, so far as known, extending from a little 
north of the Gaboon River to the Congo. 
Thus, to recapitulate, while the gibbons are most remote: 
from man, the orangs approach him nearest in the number 
of the ribs, the form of the cerebral hemispheres, and other 
less obvious characters ; the chimpanzee is nearest related to. 
him in the form of the skull, the dentition and the propor- 
tions of the arms, while the gorilla resembles him more in 
the proportions of the leg to the body, of the foot to the 
hand, in the size of the heel, the curvature of the spine, the 
form of the pelvis and the absolute capacity of the skull 
(Huxley). Anatomists have and do differ as to whether the 
chimpanzee or the gorilla is nearest to man. 
The question whether man (Homo sapiens Linn.) considered: 
simply as an animal, is the representative of a distinct sub- 
class, order, suborder or family, is and may never be settled 5. 
though the tendency among zoologists is to leave him among 
the Primates, where he was placed by Linneeus. When we 
consider the slight absolute anatomical differences separating 
man from the apes, and take into account the great variations 
in form between the different genera of apes, and still more 
in the monkeys, it seems best, throwing out, as we have to 
do ina purely zoological classification, the intellectual and 
moral faculties of man, to adopt the view that man is 
the representative of a group of Primates.* The absolute 
differences of man from the apes consist in the greater num- 
ber and irregularity of the convolutions of the cerebral hemi- 
* Geoffroy St. Hilaire placed man in a kingdom by himself ; Owén 
assigned him to a subclass ; by others he is generally regarded as a 
representative of an order Bimana, as opposed to the order Quadru. 
mana, or monkeys and apes; while from recent comparative studies 
man is considered as belonging either to a separate suborder or a fam- 
ily. 
