STKUCTURB OF THE FORMATION 



73 



are found on every^ ridge and slope. Before these flowers have 

 reached their maximum numbers, three other showy bloomers, 

 Amorpha canescens, Kuhnistera purpurea, and K. Candida 

 are added, and the estiva! aspect attains its maximum in color 

 and complexity. 



No nevv facies appear during the early estival aspect. 

 Erigeron ramosus occurs principally on ridges and slopes 

 where it averages 15-18 individuals to the quadrat, also to 

 some extent in low prairies and meadows. In the latter situ- 

 ation it occurs sparsely, and its flowers are not conspicuous 

 owing to the denser facies. The flea-bane is dicyclic and 

 forms moderately close rosettes, which secure for it an early 

 start in the spring and a nearly uniform distribution. Wind 

 dissemination is brought about by means of the pappus. 

 Kuhnistera Candida, K. purpurea, and Amorpha canescens 

 are both frequent and copious, occurring in varying numbers 

 in every quadrat. The abundance of Kuhnistera Candida, K. 

 purpurea, Amorpha canescens, and Coreopsis palmata in 

 quadrats I-XXII is as follows : 



