BIBLIOGRAPHY 



175 



and of the shifting brought about by physical changes from 

 year to year are measured and recorded by means of per- 

 manent quadrats, and quadrat photographs. These methods 

 are held to be indispensable to the scientific investigation 

 of alternation, as well as invasion, succession, and zonation. 

 The wealth of detail connected with the description, placing 

 and operation of physical factors instruments, with the form 

 of records and curves, and the application of the various 

 quadrat and photographic methods, has made it necessary 

 to refer these to another paper. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



Grundziige einer allgemeinen 

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Grundrisz der Pflanzengeo- 

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1823 



1836 



1855 



1874 



Schouw, J. P. 

 Meyen, P. J. P 

 DeCandolle, A. 

 Nageli, C. 



1890 Drude, 0. 



1901 Thornber. J. J. 



1901 Jaccard, P. 



Geographic Botanique Rais- 

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Verdangung der Pflanzenfor- 

 men durch ihre Mitbewer- 

 ber. Sitzungber. Akad. 

 Wiss. Miinchen 3 :205 



Handbuch der Pflanzengeo- 

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The Prairiegrass Formation 

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^tude Comparative de la Dis- 

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 portion des Alpes et du 

 Jura. Bull. Soc. Vaud. 

 37:547 



