46 CALIFORNIA MAMMAUS. 



Family Cervidse. (Deer.) 

 Male usually, female rarely, with deciduous bony antlers 

 placed on a permanent short pedestal ; upper canines usually 

 present, sometimes highly developed in males of certain Asiatic 

 species ; upper incisors absent ; second and fifth toes present but 

 small ; no gall bladder. 



Genus Cervus Linneus. (Deer.) 

 Antlers, on male only, two or three times as long as head, 

 usually round, branched, the tines turned forward, brow tine l()\v ; 

 posterior nares not divided; canines never projecting beyond edge 

 of lips; lachrymal pit large; ears rather small; no interdigital 

 "glands"; hoof rounded, oxlike in form.; metatarsal gland present 

 on hind leg ; tarsal gland absent ; tail short. 



Dental formula, I, o — 4; C, i — o; P, 3 — 3 ; M, 3 — 3X2=34. 

 Cervus roosevelti Me;rriam. (For Theodore Roosevelt.) 



ROOSEVELT WAPITI. 



Male; size large ; skull and antlers massive ; beams of antlers 

 relatively short and straight, with terminal prong aborted ; most 

 of face black or brownish black ; hairs of neck long and forming 

 a mane on the thro'at ; a dusky or black stripe on top of neck ; 

 extending a greater or less distance on the back, remainder 

 of neck brown; breast and belly dull chestnut brown; sides and 

 back grayish brown; a large pale tawny patch on the rump. 

 Female; no antlers; smaller; dark colored parts paler. 



Length of adult male about 2500 mm. (98 inches). 



Type locality, Olympic Mountains, Washington. 



Pacific coast from northwestern California to British Col- 

 umbia. When the first white men came to California Wapiti of 

 this or the next species were common in many places in the cen- 

 tral and northern parts of the State. Now this species is limited 

 to a few inaccessible places in the three or four northwestern 

 counties. 



