CONTENTS 



CHAPTER 



I. No Two Plants or Parts are Alike . . . i 



11. The Struggle to Live 4 



III. Sqrvival of the Fit 7 



IV. Plant Societies g 



V. The Plant Body 15 



VI. Seeds and Germination 20 



VII. The Root — The Forms of Roots .... 32 



VIII. The Root — Function and Structure . . 38 



IX. The Stem — Kinds and Forms — Pruning . 49 



X. The Stem — Its General Structure ... 59 



XI. Leaves — Form and Position 73 



XII. Leaves — Structure and Anatomy ... 86 



XIII. Leaves — Function or Work 92 



XIV. Dependent Plants 106 



XV. Winter and Dormant Buds 11 1 



XVI. Bud Propagation 121 



XVII. How Plants Climb 129 



XVIII. The Flower — Its Parts and Forms . . -133 



XIX. The Flower — Fertilization and Pollination . 144 



XX. Flower-clusters 15S 



XXI. Fruits 163 



XXII. Dispersal of Seeds 172 



XXIII. Phenogams and Cryptogams 176 



XXIV. Studies in Cryptogams 182 



Index 205 



