CHAPTER XV 



WINTER AND DORMANT BUDS 



A bud is a growing point, terminating an axis either long 

 or short, or being the starting point of an axis. All 

 branches spring from buds. In the growing season the 

 bud is active ; later in the season it ceases to increase the 

 axis in length, and as winter approaches the growing 

 point becomes more or less thickened and covered by pro- 

 tecting scales, in preparation for the long resting season. 

 This resting, dormant, or winter body is what is commonly 

 spoken of as a "bud." A winter bud may be defined 

 as an inactive covered growing point, waiting for spring. 



Structurally, a dormant bud is a shortened axis or branch, 

 bearing miniature leaves or flowers or both, and protected 

 by a covering. Cut in two, lengthwise, a 

 bud of the horse-chestnut or other plant 

 that has large buds. With a pin separate 



the tiny leaves. Count them. 



Examine the big bud of the 



rhubarb as it lies under the 



ground in late winter or early 



spring ; or the crown buds of 



asparagus, hepatica, or other 



early spring plants. Dis- 

 sect large buds of the apple 



and pear (Figs. 137, 138). 

 The bud is protected by firm and dry scales. These 

 scales are modified leaves. The scales fit close. Often 



Fig. 137. — Bud 

 OF Apricot, 

 showing the 

 miniature 

 leaves. 



Fig. 138.— Bud of 

 Pear, showing 

 both leaves and 

 fl o w e r s. The 

 latter are the lit- 

 tle knobs in the 

 center. 



