Vlll GLOSSARY 



samara. A key fruit, being an indeliiscent (not opening) fruit provided 



with a wing or wings. 

 saprophyte. A plant that lives on dead or decaying material. See 



parasite, 

 scape. A flower-stem rising directly from the crown of the plant at the 



surface of the ground or near it. A scape may have bracts. 

 self-fertilization or close-fertilization is fertilization by means of pollen 



produced in the same flower. 

 sepal. One of the parts or leaves of the calyx. 

 septicidal. A form of dehiscence or opening along the natural partitions 



of the capsule. 

 sessile. Sitting ; without a stem, as a leaf without petiole, or a flower 



without pedicel or peduncle. 

 shrub. A low woody plant that does not have a distinct trunk. When 



a plant normally has a trunk, it is a tree. 

 silicle. A short, more or less circular, capsule of the mustard family. 

 silique. A long capsule of the mustard family. 

 society. An aggregation or company of plants, comprising a more or 



less distinct group. 

 sorus (plural wr/). 'i^^ fruit-dot . 

 spadix. A spike of flowers (each flower usually minute), with a more 



or less fleshy axis, and usually accompanied by a spathe. 

 spathe. A corolla-like or involucre-like leaf or bract (or a pair of 



them) surrounding or accompanying a spadix. In the calla, the 



spathe is the large white flower-like part. 

 sperniaphyte ("seed plant"). A seed-bearing plant; one of the 



flowering-plant class. 

 spike. A dense and slender flower-cluster in which the flowers open 



from below upwards. 

 sporangium (plural sporangia ; spore-case). A body or receptacle 



holding spores. 

 spore. A reproductive or generative cell ; in flowerless plants answer- 

 ing the purpose of a seed, but containing no embryo. It may not 



be the direct product of fertilization. 

 sporophyll ("spore leaf"). A member or part that bears spores. 

 sporophyte. The stage of the plant arising directly from the fertilized 



egg, and which ordinarily produces asexual spores (as the " plant " 



or conspicuous part of the fern or of a seed-plant). 

 stamen. The pollen-bearing organ of the flower, of which the essential 



part is the anther (usually borne on a stem or filament). 

 staniinate. Said of a flower that has stamens and no pistils. 

 stigma. The part of the pistil (usually on a stalk or style) on 



