458 OLnVE, DIATOMS. 



samples from Spitsbergen and later, in 1853, some from Assist- 

 ance Bay (73° 50' N. lat.) ^ The limited number of arctic 

 species found by Ehrenberg was considerably increased by 

 O'Meara^, who published, in 1860, a list of diatoms, gather- 

 ed during the arctic expedition of the »Fox» under the com- 

 mand of Sir Leop. M'-Clintock. O'Meara enumerates not 

 less than 85 species, among which several are fresh-water 

 inhabitants and some doubtful, the limits of the species being 

 at that time in many cases others than admitted at present. 



The Swedish expedition to Spitsbergen, in. 1861, under the 

 direction of Tor ell, procured some material containing marine 

 diatoms, which were examined by myself^- Later I obtained 

 better materials, especially many very rich and interesting 

 gatherings from the surface of the northern Atlantic and Davis 

 Strait, collected during the Swedish expedition under Nor den- 

 skiold to Greenland in 1870. The result of the examination of 

 these rnaterials, as well as many others from Spitsbergen, 

 obtained from the Riksmuseum of Stockholm, was published 

 in 1873*. Afterwards Mr. O'Meara published a catalogue of 

 species ^ collected by Mr. Eaton on the voyage of Mr. Leigh- 

 Smith. Mr. O'Meara found several new species, which, however, 

 have been figured in such a manner, that the identification 

 may be impossible without original specimens for comparison. 



During the Swedish expedition in 1875 and 1876 to the 

 Kara Sea and to Yenisei M. M. Kjellman, Lundstrom 

 and Stuxberg collected several samples containing diatoms, 

 which were of the greatest interest for the knowledge of the 

 diatoms in the Arctic Sea, east of Spitsbergen. Also has Mr. 

 Kjellman, during his exploration of the algge of the coasts 

 of Finmarken, collected most rich and interesting materials, 

 containing diatoms from the northern part of Norway. All 

 these materials were examined by Mr. Grunow and myself^. 

 During the expedition of the Vega Mr. Kjellman collected 

 extremely rich and important materials on the ice-flakes near 

 Gape Wankarema. The species contained in these samples were 

 numerous and in a most astonishing or almost incredible a man- 

 ner variable, so that it was in many cases scarcely possible 



1 Monatsber. der Berl. Akad. 1841, page 206 and 1853, page 522. 



^ Journ. Eoy. Dublin Soc. 1860 July. 



" Ofvers. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. FOrh. 1867, page 661. 



* Bihang till K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handlingar, Vol. I, N:o 13. 



5 Micr. Journ., Vol. XIV (N8) pag. 253. 



8 K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XVII, N:o 2, 1880. 



