GENERAL PART OF EXAMINATION. 47 



troubles, chronic pleuritis, pericarditis, and traumatic peri- 

 carditis of the ox. 



b. A watery condition of the blood (hydremia) with 

 which occurs an abnormal porosity of the blood vessels, and a 

 subsequent transudation into the tissues. The edema of 

 hydremia shows neither increased warmth nor pain. Contrary 

 to edema due to venous congestion (stasis), the infiltrated 

 tissue is usually not reddened but pale, anemic. Dropsies due 

 to hydremia are noted under the jaws of sheep afflicted with 

 animal parasites, [the lung and stomach worms, Str. 

 contortus, Str. filaria; liver flukes, Dist. hepaticum, being 

 the most common]. Leucemia and anemia are frequently 

 attended with skin dropsies. 



c. Inflammatory edema (collateral edema) also pro- 

 duces swellings of the skin, but this is usually local. It is 

 characterized by pain and increased warmth. In one form 

 of anthrax appears a circumscribed, hot, hard, painful tumor 

 on the neck, head, or body — the malignant carbuncle. 



In some of the infectious diseases a more or less diffuse, 

 or a multiple inflammatory edema, becomes manifest; in in- 

 fluenza of the horse the eyelids, scrotum and limbs swell ; in 

 purpura hemorrhagica multiple, later diffuse tumefactions 

 occur on the head, prepuce, lower abdomen, and limbs. [Leg 

 swellings in purpura are characterized by their abrupt, bolster- 

 like, termination]. A local, hot, edematous swelling often 

 betrays the presence of deep-lying inflammation — pus, and is 

 therefore important in diagnosis. In strangles of horses 

 suppuration in unavailable lymph glands is determined by the 

 accompanying edema of the skin in the region of the throat; 

 in glanders it occurs about the farcy bud ; in traumatic 

 peritonitis of cattle a hot, doughy swelling appears in 

 the hypochondrium. 



Emphysema of the skin. Emphysema of the 

 skin signifies the presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue. 

 Such swellings crackle on palpation and are usually well de- 



