RESPIRATORY APPARATUS. 109 



chlorophyll of the food, deglutition being difficult. Food 

 particles are always present in such cases. In rare instances 

 a greenish tinge is seen, due to decomposed blood coloring 

 matter being present in the discharge. 



A yellow, rust-colored ["prune juice"] discharge is seen 

 in hemorrhagic hepatization of the lungs (contagious pleuro- 

 pneumonia of the horse). It is due to an admixture of blood 

 coloring matter. 



In rare instances a rusty brown nasal discharge is pres- 

 ent in severe catarrhal affections of the anterior respiratory 

 passages (strangles, pharyngitis). 



A bloody discharge (cpista.vis) is observed only when 

 blood in toto is present. It may be due to : 



1. Finger-nail injuries to the mucous membrane of the 

 nose or fractures of nasal bones. In the dog the presence 

 of pentastomum tcnioides may lead to bloody nasal discharge, 

 and in sheep the larva? of oestrus ovis. 



2. Ulcers ; glanders ; bleeding tumors in the nasal cavi- 

 ties. 



3. Nasal hemorrhages may attend anthrax in the ox, 

 purpura hemorrhagica, or very severe cases of contagious 

 pleuropneumonia of the horse. 



The discharge may consist entirely of blood, or simply 

 of an admixture of blood. If the hemorrhage is from a 

 nasal cavity, it is unilateral, the blood appears fresh and in- 

 completely mixes with any other discharge present. If from 

 the lungs, it is more or less foamy and in the trachea one 

 may hear moist rales. 



c. The consistency of the nasal discharge depends 

 upon what it contains. It may be serous, mucous or mucil- 

 aginous, with varied intermediations. It may also be Hoccu- 

 lent, clumpy, or contain great masses of adhering exudate. 

 In the beginning of a catarrh the discharge is serous (clear), 

 but by admixtures of mucus it becomes mucous and loses its 

 transparency from the quantity of epithelial cells it contains. 

 Its color is then grey. When an admixture of pus is present 



