110 



CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS. 



the discharge assumes more of a cream-like consistency and 

 its color changes to greyish-yellow or yellow. A discharge of 

 pure pus only occurs when an abscess ruptures into the nasal 

 cavity. 



A clumpy, buttermilk-like discharge is 

 observed in chronic catarrh of the sinuses of the head because 

 the exudate has been retained for a time. 



Adhering masses of exudate are seen in diph- 

 theritic, croupous, or fibrinous inflammations. 



d. The odor. The odor of the nasal discharge be- 

 comes foul, putrid or carious from decomposing processes. 

 In such cases the breath is also tainted. For the determin- 

 ation of the seat of the disorder, what has been said concern- 

 ing the odor of the expired air applies. 



e. Foreign admixtures. Most commonly we observe 

 air bubbles of large or small size which cause the discharge 



to appear as foam. 



Fine foam. When the discharge comes from the smaller 

 bronchi in pulmonary edema and bronchitis, the foam is 

 composed of small air bubbles of equal size. When there is 

 much foam the discharge is white in color. Horses suffering 

 from chronic bronchial catarrh after exercise show a white 

 nasal discharge partially made up of fine foam. 



Fig-. 28. Egg: of Pentastomum Tenioides. 



Coarse foam. This is not infrequently unilateral and 

 contains an admixture of food particles. It comes from the 

 mouth and consists in part of saliva. The air bubbles are 

 of unequal size. Coarse foam is symptomatic of paralysis 

 of the pharynx, pharyngitis (fungus poisoning). 



