RESPIRATORY APPARATUS. 



12 7 



Horse. The abdominal boundary is a line drawn from 

 the 16th intercostal space, crossing the middle of the thorax at 

 the 11th rib, to the olecranon. 



The vortex of the diaphragm lies slightly above the 

 of the thorax at the 8th intercostal space. 



Ox. In ruminants the field of percussion is small on ac- 

 count of the less number of ribs (13), which causes the dia- 

 phragm to lie farther forward. 



The abdominal boundary in this animal is a line drawn 

 from the 11th intercostal space, crossing the middle of the 

 thorax at the 9th rib, to the olecranon. 



Fie. 34. 



----- Heart, shaded portion not covered by lung. — Field of pulmonary percussion. 



— - — Insertion of diapragm. L. Liver. M. Spleen. N. Kidneys. 



R. Rectum. D. Small intestines. 



Dog. In the dog the shoulder lies well forward, which 

 gives a larger field of percussion. The abdominal boundary of 

 the field extends at the middle of the chest wall over the 9th 

 rib to the lower end of the 7th rib. 



Swine. In swine, percussion can rarely be employed, 

 as the thick layer of subcutaneous fat and the restlessness of 

 the animal greatly interfere. The abdominal boundary of the 

 field of percussion extends from the 11th rib to the olecranon. 



