140 CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS. 



ity of outbreak. The usual or pectoral form shows following 

 symptoms: Fever, languor, continued grunting, loss of appetite, 

 swelling and reddening of the conjunctiva; dyspnea, painful cough, 

 groaning, dullness over lungs on percussion; bronchial sounds; 

 death usually from asphyxia. The septicemic form shows severe 

 general symptoms and ends in death. The chronic form presents 

 symptoms of chronic bronchitis or catarrhal pneumonia, emacia- 

 tion, and stunted growth. 



Dog distemper is a very contagious disease characterized 

 chiefly by a catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes. 

 Symptoms are quite varied. Catarrhal, nervous and exanthematous 

 forms are distinguished. The disease develops slowly. Languor, 

 conjunctivitis, keratitis, vomiting, anorexia, nasal discharge, cough, 

 dyspnea, tympanitic to flat sound on percussion; rales. Spasms 

 of the whole body or of muscle groups, general muscular weak- 

 ness, paralysis. Vesicular and pustulous exanthema. 



Fowl diphtheria is a contagious, croupous-diphtheritic inflam- 

 mation of all of the mucous membranes of the head, which some- 

 times attacks the comb, wattles and around the eyes, assuming the 

 form of an epithelioma. The patients are dyspneic, the respira- 

 tions noisy and performed with open beak. The course is chronic. 



8. Digestive Apparatus. 



Diseases of the digestive apparatus are common in do- 

 mestic animals. Their diagnosis is, in some respects, far more 

 difficult than that of the respiratory apparatus because the 

 organs concerned are not as accessible to examination. For 

 this reason every possible factor must receive most careful 

 consideration. We observe these in the following order : 

 I. Food and Drink. 

 II. The Buccal Cavity 



III. The Pharynx and Esophagus. 



IV. Rumination. 

 V. Vomiting. 



VI. The Abdomen. 

 VII. The Intestinal Evacuations. 



I. Food and Drink. 



Before examining the various organs of the digestive 

 apparatus, we must note the animal's appetite for food and 

 drink as well as the character of these latter, also observe the 



