142 CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS. 



Desire for water depends in the first place on 

 the amount of water contained in the feed ; dry feed requir- 

 ing more water than green feed; of course some water is 

 required in both cases. Under normal conditions horses 

 usually drink one or two large pailfuls of water per day. The 

 demand is also affected by the amount of water given off 

 through the skin, kidneys and intestines. Many horses are 

 very sensitive in the matter of impure water, some even re- 

 fuse "pure" water if of a different kind than that to which 

 they have been accustomed [e. g. spring water and rain water]. 

 The desire for water is diminished in colic and in all 

 serious gastric and intestinal affections, proznding no diar- 

 rhea exists ; horses with acute cerebritis also refuse water. 

 Continued refusal of water is on the whole considered as an 

 unfavorable sign; when horses with colic drink water it is 

 regarded as a favorable sign. 



Thirst is increased in the course of various diseases : 



Animals with fever like small sips of fresh water 



at frequent intervals. 

 When the crisis occurs in influenza or contagious 

 pleuro-pneumonia of the horse, increased renal 

 secretion and thirst go hand in hand. 

 Exudative pleuritis and peritonitis. 

 Diabetes insipidus of horses is attended with marked 

 increase of thirst ; several pailfuls are taken at 

 a time. 

 Diabetes mellitus. 



Gastric and intestinal catarrh [diarrhea] of dogs 

 - — attended with frequent vomiting. 

 b. Manner of taking food. Healthy horses grasp the 

 food with their lips and pass it into the mouth, then with the 

 aid of the tongue and cheeks it is forced between the molars. 

 Sheep and goats do likewise. Healthy cattle grasp their food 

 with the extended tongue, curved like a hook. 



