154 



CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS, 



in horses. In this case the distention is in a downward direc- 

 tion, symmetrical and bilateral, fluctuation is observed and 

 percussion reveals a dull area bounded above by a horizontal 

 line. When a dog thus affected is raised to a vertical position 

 the dull area is shifted (ascites). 



5. Tumors in the abdomen ; liver (ecchinococci and car- 

 cinoma), spleen (leukemia), glands, etc. 



6. Dropsy of foetal membranes. 



7. Retention of urine in dogs. 



Abnormal reduction in sice of the abdomen may be due to: 

 1. Long continued starvation, or, if in spite of good care, 

 abundant food and sufficient rest an animal shows this svmp- 

 tom, we may conclude that lack of appetite is at fault (digest- 

 ive disorders). 



Fig. 36. 

 D»rsal and Ventral limits of area of percussion. — - — Attachment of diaphragm 

 to ribs. N. Right kidney. L. Liver. H Reticulum. 

 B. Manyplies. Labm. Stomae-h. 



