URINARY APPARATUS. 187 



anemia. Changes in the composition of the "blood play 

 the chief role here. Albumoses cannot be determined by 

 boiling the fluid containing them, nor by the addition of 

 acids. It is only in the absence of other albuminous sub- 

 stances (albumin, globulin, mucin) and various other pig- 

 ments that their presence can be determined. 



Chemical determination of albumoses. Take 10 cc of unfil- 

 tered urine and acidulate with a 20% solution of acetic acid. If 

 the reaction of the urine is acid, two or three drops will suffice, 

 if alkaline, it requires more. Add 5cc of a 20% solution of ace- 

 tate of lead, boil and filter. Add to the filtrate a solution of caus- 

 tic potash until precipitates no longer occur; it may require 15cc 

 or more of the potash solution to bring about this result; it is im- 

 portant to use sufficient potash solution as otherwise the reaction 

 will not occur. The filtrate is now subjected to the biuret reac- 

 tion: Add five or six drops of a solution of sodium hydrate, then 

 add, carefully, one or two, or at the most, three, drops of a 10% 

 solution of sulphate of copper. If albumoses are present a red- 

 dish violet color is produced. This test is the simplest and most 

 reliable for testing the urine of animals, since all substances that 

 might otherwise have interfered with the test are removed. 



Schulz's method is very simple and reliable. Filter the 

 urine and add several volumnes of alcohol to precipitate all of 

 the albuminous substances. Filter again and treat the residue 

 (precipitate) with a stream of water; this dissolves the albumo- 

 ses, if present, and then the biuret-reaction is applied to this solu- 

 tion. 



Albumoses occur in the urine in the course of abscess 

 formation in the internal organs of the body (Strangles), and 

 as a result of the absorption of extensive exudates in the course 

 of influenza of horses, peritonitis and pleuritis. 



The determination of albumoses is of clinical importance 

 for the determination of suspected abscess formation in inter- 

 nal organs. 



III. Hemaglobinuria. The fact that urine con- 

 tains blood may often be recognized by its color alone; light 

 red urine, resembling meat water, (oxyhemoglobin) is rare. 

 As a rule it has a muddy brownish red color (methemo- 

 globin) . A diagnosis cannot be based upon the color alone, 

 a chemical and microscopical examination is necessary. 



Chemical determination. Add caustic potash or soda until 

 the urine is distinctly alkaline, then boil as in albumin test. This 



