URINARY APPARATUS. 191 



Ehrlich's test. Add one volume of 30% acetic acid to the 

 urine. Then, drop by drop, add Ehrlich's reagent (1 gram acid sul- 

 fanil in aqueous solution, IScc. HC1, and 0.1 gram Sodium Nitrite, 

 water sufficient to make 1,000 grams. If Bilirubin is present the 

 mass gets dark. If much glacial acetic acid is added or if boiled, 

 the fluid becomes intensely violet in color. Hydrochloric acid may 

 be substituted for the glacial acetic acid — producing a beautiful 

 violet red. 



Schmidt's test. Very valuable for dark colored urine or blood 

 serum. Add Sodium bicarbonate until reaction is alkaline. Add 10% 

 solution of Barium chloride until precipitates cease. If bilirubin is 

 present the precipitate is yellow, otherwise white. Centrifuge the 

 precipitate, wash with water, mix with alcohol containing 5% 

 hydrochloric acid by volume. If bilirubin is present, the super- 

 natant fluid, especially if heated, is bluish green. If the fluid be- 

 comes brown add a few drops of hydrogen peroxide to complete 

 oxydation whereupon the brown color becomes green. 



Choleuria occurs : In retention of bile in the liver 

 as a result of occlusion of the ductus choledochus in duodenal 

 catarrh, presence of tumors, parasites, concrements. 



In lupinosis and phosphorus poisoning as a result of 

 swelling of the liver and obstruction of the bile ducts. 



In all of these cases the feces are deficient in normal bile 

 contents and as a result appear of a lighter color. 



When the bile secreted is of abnormal consistency 

 ( hyper cholia), its flow is interrupted and stagnation occurs. 

 This results in the course of the destruction of large num- 

 bers of red blood corpuscles ; also in the course of haemo- 

 globinaemia, lumbago, septicemia, pyemia, burns, internal 

 hemorrhage, prolonged chloroform narcosis and similar 

 poisonings. In addition to choleuria the feces also contain 

 much bile. 



