BODY MOVEMENTS. 225 



sider the nature of the exercise leading to it as well as the 

 constitution and anatomical make-up of the animal. On the 

 other hand, whether the pathological condition in any way 

 affects the use of the animal for some particular purpose or 

 not, does not come under consideration. To make a positive 

 diagnosis of "heaves" it is necessary only to recognize the 

 existence of a difficulty of respiration which is due to a chronic 

 and incurable disease of the lungs or of the heart. 



For this purpose a careful examination of the circula- 

 tory apparatus and of the respiratory apparatus is indispens- 

 able. It is also necessary to determine positive symptoms of 

 the disorder under consideration in order to be fortified 

 against the possible assertion that the disease is due to other 

 causes than chronic and incurable affections of the lungs or of 

 the heart. Furthermore, we must exclude, by careful exam- 

 ination of all functional apparatus, any acute affections that 

 may produce increased respiration. External painful condi- 

 tions must also be taken into consideration. 



If it is impossible to differentiate between the effects of dis- 

 turbances of this nature and existing symptoms of heaves, it 

 would be well, in all cases where legal complications are possible, 

 to inform both buyer and seller of the existing conditions and of 

 the necessity of withholding the expression of a final opinion 

 until the animal has recovered from the existing acute disease. 

 If, at such a time, the previously observed symptoms of "heaves" 

 are still present, the existence of the disease at the time of pur- 

 chase must be conceded. 



The examination of a suspected "heavey" horse is con- 

 ducted not only while the animal is at rest, but also during 

 and after exercise. Animals are worked in an accustomed 

 manner and made to exert themselves to a moderate degree, at 

 the same time we note the character and frequency of respira- 

 tion. The horse should be driven or ridden in a quiet trot; a 

 draft horse made to pull a moderately heavy load. Count the 

 respirations every 5 minutes and let the animal work until it 

 sweats, but not longer than 15 minutes. Then put the animal 

 in a stable, count the respirations every 5 minutes and note 



