STUDIES OF PLANT LIFE 
placed on long footstalks; each’ leaf is divided into three 
leaflets, which are again twice or thrice lobed and un- 
equally notched; the upper surface is smooth and of a dark 
rich green, the under pale and whitish. As the flowers fade 
the husky hollow seed pods become erect; the seeds are black 
and shining. 
The Wild Columbine is perennial and very easily culti- 
vated. Its blossoms are eagerly sought out by the bees and 
humming-birds. On sunny days you may be sure to see the 
latter hovering over the bright drooping bells, extracting 
the rich nectar with which they are so bountifully supplied. 
Those who care for bees and love humming-birds should 
plant the graceful red-flowered Columbine in their garden 
borders. Indeed, this elegant ornamental species should 
find a place in every garden. I have seen a striking effect 
produced by a number of these flowers grown together. 
In its wild state it is often found growing among rocks 
and surface stones, where it insinuates its roots into the 
clefts and hollows that are filled with rich vegetable mould; 
and thus, being often seen adorning the sterile rocks with 
its bright crown of waving blossoms, it has obtained the 
name of Rock Columbine. 
PAINTED CUP—SCARLET Cup—Castilleia coccinea (Spreng.). 
(PLATE VII.) 
** Scarlet tufts 
Are glowing in the green like flakes of fire; 
The wanderers of the prairie know them well, 
And call that brilliant flower the Painted Cup.” 
—Bryant. 
This splendidly-colored plant is the glory and ornament 
of the plain-lands of Canada. The whole plant is a glow 
of scarlet, varying from pale flame-color to the most vivid 
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