340 MANUAL OF FARM ANIMALS 



COW die. In case the milk-tube is not at hand, use a medicine 

 dropper to get the air into the udder. If the canula and trocar 

 are not at hand, stick a knife into the paunch. This is recom- 

 mended only in the absence of something better. Many a cow 

 has been saved by these crude methods. 



Garget is perhaps one of the principal forms of mammitis, of 

 which caked-udder is a second. The udder often becomes highly 

 inflamed soon after the young is born, and occasionally before 

 when the glands are active, congested with blood, and the udder 

 over-distended with milk. In addition to this, inflammation of 

 the udder is often due to mechanical injuries such as blows, 

 kicks, scratches, and being horned by other cows; and especially 

 by germs entering the udder. 



The treatment is to relieve the congestion by drawing the 

 milk frequently. This should be done before calving if the udder 

 is distended. After the milk is drawn gently but thoroughly, 

 rub the udder. Bathe the parts with hot water for fifteen min- 

 utes at a time, rub dry, and apply an ointment made as follows : 

 Dissolve two tablespoonfuls of gum camphor in a teacupful 

 of melted fresh lard. This can be greatly improved by the 

 addition of one ounce of the fluid extract of belladorma. The 

 udder should be bathed three times daily and the ointment well 

 rubbed in. It is often advantageous to support the udder by 

 the use of a wide piece of cloth with holes cut for the teats and 

 this held in place by arranging a band over the back. When 

 the trouble is due to germs entering the udder, a two per cent 

 solution of carbohc acid should be injected into the udder; leave 

 this in ten to fifteen minutes; milk out and bathe as before. 

 This solution may be injected by fastening a milk-tube on a 

 syringe with a small rubber tube. 



ILLS OF THE YOUNG CALF 



The young calf, even though it establishes the function 

 of respiration and gets its first meal without difficulty, is still 



