GROSS ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS. XXXix 
2. Bi- to polycarpellary—e.g., Viola . CAPSULE. 
Var. a. Dehiscence circumcissile — 
e.g., Anagallis .. ° Pyxis. 
Var. b. Debiscence by the fall- 
ing away of two lateral 
valves from the two per- 
sistent parietal placente— 
e.g., Mustard . ; . Silique. 
II. Schizocarpic fruits—The Splitting Fruits—Dry, breaking 
- - up into one-celled indehiscent portions (Fig. XI). 
1. Monocarpellary, dividing trans- 
versely—e.g., Desmodium . LoMENT. 
2. Bi- to polycarpellary. 
(a) Dividing into achene-like 
or nut-like parts (nztlets), 
no forked carpophore— 
‘ Ee eo ae e.g., Lithospermum . CARCERULUS. 
AN; run re- «eo ae . 
mocarp) of Hen: (0) Dividing into two 
nel, showing the Vy . 
slender branching achene-like parts (mer 
at eee carps), a forked carpo- 
30) ore. whi 
pai the two phore between them— 
halyes(moricarps)- e.g., Umbellifere § . CrEmocarp. 
III. Achenial fruits.—The Achenes.—Dry, indehiscent, one- 
celled, one or few seeded, not breaking up (Fig. XLD. 
1. Pericarp hard and thick—e.g., Oak . . Nor. 
2. Pericarp thin—e.g., Sunflower . . ACHENE. 
Var. «a. Pericarp loose and 
* » bladder-like—e.g., Cheno- 
podium . Utricle. 
Var. 0. Pericarp consolidated 
with the seed —e.g., 
Grasses. ‘ ‘ . Caryopsis. 
Var. c. Pericarp prolonged 
intoa wing—e.g., Ash . Samara. 
IV. Baccate fruits.—The Berries.—Fleshy, indchiscent; seed 
in pulp (Fig. XLID). 
1. Rind firm and hard—e.g., Pumpkin . . PEPpo. 
2. Rind thin—e.g., Gooseberry . . Berry. 
V. Drupaceous fruitsx—The Drupes.—Fleshy, indehiscent; en- 
docarp hardened, usually stony. 
