GROSS ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS, XXix 
The Perianth, or Floral Envelopes.—In a large number of flow- 
ers the parts of the calyx and corolla (sepals aud petals) are dis- 
tinct—i.e., not at all united to one another; such are said to be 
chorisepalous as to the calyx, aud choripetulous as to the corolla. 
The terms polysepalous and polypetulous are the ones most com- 
monly used in English and American books on botany, although 
they manifestly ought to be used as numerical terms. ZHleuthero- 
petalous and dialypetalous are also somewhat used, especially in 
German works. 
Numerical Terms.—The numerical terms usually employed are 
mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-sepalous, etc., and mono-, di-, tri-, 
tetra-, penta-petalous, etc., meaning of one, two, thice, four, five 
sepals or petals respectively. Polysepalous and polypetalous are 
properly used to designate ‘‘a considerable but unspecified num- 
ber” of sepals or petals. 
Union of Parts.—In some flowers the sepals or petals, or both, 
are united to one another, so that the calyx and corolla are each 
in the form of a single tube or cup. This union of similar parts 
is called coalescence. The terms gamosepulvus and gamopetalous (or 
sympetalous) are used in such cases. Monosepalous and monopeta- 
lous, still used in this sense in many de-criptive works, should be 
reserved for designating the number of scpals or petals in calyx 
and corolla respectively. 
Adnation.—Not infrequently the calyx and corolla are connately 
united to each other for a less or greater distance. This union of 
dissimilar whorls is termed adnation, and the calyx and corolla 
are said to be adnate to each other. 
In the description of the parts of the perianth their form, size, 
surface, color, and texture should be observed, using the same 
terms as are used in case of the leaf. 
THE ANDRCECIUM, OR STAMEN-WHORL. 
Numerical Terms.—The number of stamens in the flower or 
the andrecium is indicated by such terms as 
Monandrous, signifying of one stamen ; 
Diandrous, of two stamens; 
Trinndrous, of three stamens; 
vtrandrous, of four stamens—when two of the stamens are 
