xxii BOTANY. 
it may be compressed (i.e., flattened parallel to its axis) or angu- 
lar (triangular, quadrangular, etc.), 
Size.—Measure the length from base to apex, and the diameter 
through the thickest part. 
Surface.—With respect to their surfaces buds are for the most 
part termed scaly, and this term is used especially when the scales 
are large or somewhat separated from one another. 
3 
Fiag. XVIII.—Sealy buds of various kinds. At 3 are shown buds clustered in the 
axils of the leaves, 
Many buds are covered externally with a more or less dense 
coat of hairs (dairy buds), or down (downy buds). 
Some buds are smooth, the scales themselves having a smooth 
surface, and the latter being arranged into an even surface. 
For protection against too great moisture from without, as well 
as against too great loss of moisture in a dry air, many buds are 
covered with a thin coat of varnish (varnished buds), or they may 
be waazy, or even glutinous (i.e., somewhat sticky), 
Color.—Buds when fully ripened are most commonly brown or 
brownish in color, but may be black, gray, red, rusty (ferrugi- 
nous), etc. ete. 
Structure.—Dissect several buds, carefully removing the scales 
one by one, and preserving them as a series. Notice that the 
outermost ones are usually the hardest, and that as we pass to the 
inner ones the texture is gradually softer and more like that of 
young leaves. Notice that the interior is composed of young 
leaves (or young flowers). 
