GROSS ANATOMY OF VLOWEBRING PLANTS. xxi 
2. Rough, when covered with raised dots or points. 
3. luiry (pubescent), when the whole surface is more or less 
covered with hairs. The hairs are sometimes fine and soft, form- 
ing a white, glossy covering as in the sidiy surface. When the 
hairs are long, soft, and spreading, the surface is villous; when 
short and stiff, it is hispid. In some cases the hairs are confined 
to the margin of tho blade, when it is said to be ciliate. 
Color of the Blade.—This is usually green, the particular 
shade being indicated as green, light green, dark green, etc. Note 
carefully the difference in color (often due to hairs, ete.) between 
the upper and under surfaces. 
Texture of the Blade.—Most leaves are thin and have a firm 
texture (membranaceous); when tough and leathery they are coria- 
ceous. Leaves of a considerable thickness are jleshy or succulent. 
The Petiole.—The length, shape, surface, and color of the 
petiole should be carefully noted. Make similar notes also upon 
the ‘‘ partial petioles” (i.e., the petioles of the leaficts) of com- 
pound leaves. 
The Stipules.—These usually consist of small lobes which grow 
out from near the base of the petiole. Sometimes they are more 
or less attached to the stem, in some instances sheathing it as in 
the buckwheat, where they have united into a single sheath. 
In all cases note (a) position, (0) shape, (¢) size, (d) surface, and 
(e) color of the stipules. 
§4. Tue Bop. 
Position.—With respect to position upon a twig, buds are 
terminal or lateral; and from the fact that the latter grow con- 
spicuously in the axils of leaves (i.e., in the upper angle formed 
by theleaf with the twig) they are also known as azillary buds. 
Strictly speaking, every bud is terminal, for the so-called lateral 
buds are in reality terminal upon very short lateral branches of 
the twig. ; 
Form.—In form most buds are ovate; that is, egg-shaped. They 
are commonly blunt at the apex, but may be tapering. 
Less commonly buds are spherical, or nearly so, and occasionally 
they are cylindrical. 
If a cross-section be made of a bud it is usually rounded; but 
