- 62 BOTANY. 
(8) Root-stocks, which are bract- or scale-bearing, usually 
weak, and generally subterranean. 
(4) Zubers, which are bract- or scale-bearing, short and 
thickened, and subterranean. 
(5) Corms, which are leaf-bearing, short and thickened, 
and subterranean. 
(6) Bulb-axes, which are leaf-bearing, short and conical, 
and subterranean. 
(7) Flower-axes, which are bract-, perianth-, stamen-, and 
pistil-bearing, short and usually conical and aerial. 
(8) Zendrils, which are degraded, slender, aerial cau- 
lomes, nearly destitute of phyllomes. 
(9) Thorns, which are degraded, thick, conical, aerial 
caulomes, nearly destitute of phyllomes. 
120. Phyllome.—The phyllome is always a lateral mem- 
ber upon a caulome. It is usually a flat expansion and ex- 
tension of some of the tissues of the caulome. Its most 
common form is 7 : 
(1) The Zeaf (foliage), which is usually large, broad, and 
mainly made up of chlorophyll-bearing tissue. 
The other phyllome forms are: 
(2) Bracts, which are smaller than leaves, generally green. 
(3) Scales, which are usually smaller than leaves, want- 
ing in chlorophyll-bearing tissue, and generally with a firm 
texture. : 
(4) Floral envelopes, which are variously modified, but 
generally wanting in chlorophyll-bearing tissue, and with 
generally a more delicate texture. 
(5) Stamens, in which a portion of the soft tissue devel- 
ops male reproductive cells (pollen). 
(6) Carpels, bearing or enclosing female reproductive 
organs (ovules). 
