98 BOTANY. 
semblance to each other. These are called Branches, or 
Divisions. Likewise, if we consider the plants in each 
Branch, we may make several groups, each of which will 
include those with still greater resemblances. These groups 
are called Classes. 
201. In like manner Classes are divisible into Orders; 
Orders into Families; Families into Genera; Genera into 
Species. Each Species is composed of individual plants, all 
of which bear a close resemblance to each other. In some 
Species there is such a variation in the individuals compos- 
ing it that they are grouped into Varieties. 
202. Applying the foregoing, we have the following as 
the classification of the common Sunflower: 
Kingdom of Vegetables. 
Branch, Phanerogamia. 
Class, Angiosperme. 
Order, Composite. 
Genus, Helianthus. 
Species, annuus 
203. There are needed now and then various sub-groups; 
thus Classes are often separated into two or more Sub- 
Classes, and these again into Series and Cohorts; so Orders 
are sometimes separated into Sub-Orders, or they are more 
frequently divided into Tribes and these again into Sub- 
Tribes. So, too, a Genus may be divided into Sub-Genera. 
On the other hand, it is very common for Family to be 
omitted, as in the case of the Sunflower given above. 
204. The general relationship of the Branches of the 
Vegetable Kingdom is sometimes shown by constructing a 
tree or diagram, whose principal divisions represent the 
Branches. Such diagrams (as the one on the opposite 
page) are often quite helpful to the student. 
