164 BOTANY. 
velvety appearance, which is due to the fact that its sur- 
face is covered with myriads of short, jointed, vertical fila- 
ments, each of which bears one or more conidia (Fig. 89, 1). 
The conidia, which fall off readily, are produced until the 
latter part of summer, when the filaments which bear them 
shrivel up and disappear. 
342. During the latter part of summer spore-sacs are 
produced, but require the greater part of winter to come 
to perfection. The spore-sacs grow in the cavities of mi- 
nute papilla (perithecia), and are intermingled with slender 
filaments (paraphyses, 3 and 4, Fig. 89). Each spore-sac 
contains eight spores, which eventually escape through a 
pore in the top of the sac. These spores germinate by 
sending out a small filament, or sometimes two (Fig. 89, 6). 
343, Besides thé perithecia, there are other cavities 
found which much resemble them and contain other sup- 
posed reproductive bodies. 
344, No sexual organs have as yet been observed. 
