BRYOPHYTA. 185 
masses of cells in small cups 4 to 6 millimetres (4 inch) in 
diameter (B and C, Fig. 101). They are in reality hairs 
(trichomes) whose upper cells have repeatedly divided so 
as to form flattish masses. When these fall off they grow 
directly into new plants. 
388. The antherids of Liverworts are more or less globu- 
lar, stalked bodies (Fig. 102, C), usually immersed in little 
depressions in the plant-body. They are to be regarded as 
hairs (trichomes) whose end cells have become greatly in- 
Fia. 102,—A, a portion of Common Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha) with 
ne seagate aaa er fecainea.” are borne; C, an antherid, magnified; 
creased in number. There is an outer layer of cells sur- 
rounding a great number of interior thin-walled cells, the 
sperm-cells, each of which contains an antherozoid. 
In the Common Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha) the 
antherids are produced in the broadly expanded discs of 
special branches (Fig. 102, A). The antherozoids are spiral 
threads of protoplasm, each provided with two cilia (Fig. 
102, D). 
389. The female organ of Liverworts is called an arche- 
