216 BOTANY. 
chlorophyll-bearing, none being in any wise parasitic. 
Common examples are the pines, spruces, firs, ete. 
461, The general structure of the reproductive organs 
Fie. 120.—A cluster of staminate cones or flowers. A, of a Pine (Pinus sylves- 
tris), with a detached stamen. Natural size. B, showing the two pollen-sacs. 
Considerably magnified. 
may be understood from a study of those of the pines. 
The pollen-bearing flowers—staminate flowers, as they are 
Fic. 121.—Pollen-cells of Gymnosperms. A, of a Cycad; y, rudimentary first 
stage (prothallium), one pollen-cell germinating. B, pollen-cells of a Pine, side 
and top views, showing bladder-like enlargements of outer cell-wall, bl: the 
rudimentary prothallium is shown here also. Much magnified. 
