PHANEROGAMIA, 217 
generally called—are loose cones generally crowded into 
considerable clusters. Each cone consists of a stem upon 
which are many flattish stamens, each bearing two pollen- 
sacs (Fig. 120). : 
462. The pollen-cells are roundish, and covered by a 
Fia. 122.—A ripe cone of a Pine, partly cut away to show the position of the 
seeds, g; A, a scale from a young cone, upper side showing two ovules (enlarged); 
B, the same when mature, showing two winged seeds, ch. Each seed-coat has a 
small pore, M, through which the first root will grow in germination. 
double wall, the outer being thick and hard, and in some 
cases swollen out into bladder-like enlargements, appar- 
ently for the purpose of enabling the cell to be carried in 
the air (Fig. 121, B). One or more cells of the rudiment- 
ary first stage are always present (Fig. 121, y). 
